Sweet medicine: sweetener suppresses immune system 甜味剂抑制免疫系统
To investigate whether sweetener (sucralose) has an effect on the immune system, scientist carried out laboratory tests…
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Broiler growth rates increased by over 400% from 1957 to 2005 从1957年到2005年，肉鸡生长速度增加了超过400％
The following text and images are quoted from a poultry science journal [1]: M.J. Zuidhof, B.L. Schneider, V.L. Carney,…
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Is 0.01% steroid that less potent than 1% ? 0.01%含量的激素药膏比1%的更弱效吗？
“There are only two industries that call their customers ‘users’: illegal drugs and software” —…
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Psoriasis Pathogenesis Review 银屑病发病机理的新进展和回顾
希波克拉底 Hippocrates (460-377BC) 描述了一组斑块、脱皮、鳞屑的皮肤病症状，可能相当于今天的银屑病或麻风病。400年前，哲学家们放弃了亚里士多德的世界观兴高采烈地接受了牛顿世界观来解释生物学并研究医学病理学。在1841年赫伯拉…
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Glucocorticoid Induced Adrenal Insufficiency GI-AI 糖皮质激素引起的肾上腺功能不全
On 12 July BMJ published a concerned article about corticosteroids. “Synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used for…
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Questions beyond Questions 问题之外的问题
IPhone 12 芯片有125亿颗晶体管，如果损坏，理论上讲无法找出哪一颗出了毛病，所以维修时会把整只芯片换掉。人类细胞核的DNA有30亿碱基对，它们不是人类设计的，不要说哪个错了难以发现，我们对怎样才是正确的都所知甚少。至少计算机科学家知道每一个晶体管是干什么用的，而很多DNA片段是干什么用的，生物学家一无所知。那么什么时候我们会把30亿对怎么用的搞清楚呢？生物学家一定会说，我们以前有一个问题，找到遗传物质基础，解决了一个旧问题后，我们碰到了3万个新问题（3万个基因）。…
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The Wisdom of Bacteria 细菌的智慧
一个成人拥有约30万亿个人体细胞，同时拥有40万亿个细菌，这些细菌占我们体重的1％至3％。尽管细菌经常被视为疾病的一种来源，但细菌大多无害甚至有益。我们的肠道生活着500种大约1公斤（100万亿）微生物。它们是人类非同寻常的伙伴，它们雕刻我们的器官，保护我们免受疾病侵害，分解我们的食物，教育我们的免疫系统，指导我们的行为，用其基因轰击我们的基因组，并赋予我们不可思议的能力。…
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Midnight Feasts Could Cause Melasma 夜宵也会导致黄褐斑
Overnight, keratinocytes (kind of skin epidermis cell) proliferate rapidly, preparing and protecting our outer barrier…
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Epidermis-Honeycomb-Water Cube 表皮-蜂巢-水立方
130 years ago, Lord Kelvin asked how space might be partitioned into cells of fixed equal volume with minimum surface…
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Severe Adverse Events Are Associated with Short Courses of Oral Corticosteroids? 皮质激素长期服用有害，短期如何？
Each year, doctors prescribe courses of oral corticosteroids to three quarters of patients with chronic inflammatory disorders…
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Eczema Allergy — A Question of Immune System Imbalance 湿疹、过敏：一个免疫均衡的问题
过敏反应主要和获得性免疫有关。机体对某些抗原物质初次接触以后产生初次免疫应答，此后便有了免疫记忆，当再次接触相同抗原时，就可触发免疫应答或者导致相应的过敏反应。机体从环境当中获取抗原（比如饮食中的一些蛋白质），抗原成分经过抗原递呈细胞，提取抗原信息，刺激调节性T细胞，从而呈递给T辅助细胞，促使T辅助细胞向Th1或者Th2两条途径发展。如果朝着Th2方向发展，就是过敏反应方向。…
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Why Mortgage Sicken Us? 为什么房贷会让我们生病？
Glucocorticoids [1] plus the sympathetic nervous system [2] enables an organism to survive a physical stressor by activating…
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A Systematic Review of Corticosteroid Withdrawal Syndrome 激素戒断综合征
What is Corticosteroid Withdrawal Syndrome CWS?Steroids Withdrawal Syndrome is a distinct clinical adverse effect of steroid….
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If you know the problem, you have already understood half of it. 如果你知道问题所在，那么就已经理解了一半。
《新英格兰医学杂志》2020年7月9日发表了一篇取名为nemolizumab的生物制剂治疗湿疹的三期临床实验如下：…
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Do we have eczema gene(s) – Time to rethink biologics Dupilumab (Dupixent) 关于湿疹基因—生物药的再思考
Do we have eczema gene(s) – Time to rethink
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gene + environment + triggers + chance = phenotype 基因+环境+触发+概率=表型
Know then thyself, presume not God to scan; The proper study of mankind is man. — Alexander Pope, Essay on Man PAST…
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Trade Agreement between Bacteria, Viruses and Human Skin — A fly in the ointment 细菌、病毒与人皮的经贸协定 — 美中不足的共生
Staphylococcus is a group of Gram-positive cocci. It is named because it appears spherical (cocci) and form in grape-like…
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Secret of the Western science：A little piece in a larger jigsaw 科学秘密：一条大锯上的又一个锯齿
Our present system of scientific communication depends almost entirely on the “primary” literature. This has three…
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Creatine Kinase and Rhabdomyolysis 异维A酸（异维甲酸），肌酸激酶与横纹肌溶解症
Isotretinoin Isotretinoin, retinoic acid (form of victamin A) derivative, is used to treat Pimples (Acne), Psoriasis,…
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Biologics (4) IL-4Rα Inhibitors 生物制剂之白细胞介素-4受体α抑制剂
What is Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-4 Receptor (IL-4R) IL-4 is produced by T cells. The T cells are kinds of…
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Biologics (3) IL-17 Inhibitors 生物制剂之白细胞介素-17抑制剂
What is Interleukin-17 (IL-17) Interleukin 17 (IL-17 or IL-17A) is produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, macrophages,…
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Biologics (2) IL-12/23 Inhibitors 生物制剂之白细胞介素-12/23抑制剂
What is Interleukin 12 (IL-12) Interleukin 12 has two subunits: IL-12A (p35) and IL-12B (p40). The IL-12 is produced by…
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Biologics (1) Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors 生物制剂之肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂
What is “biologic” agent? Whole immune system suppression will cause serious side effects. Therefore “biologic”…
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This is How Psoriasis Biologics are Performing in the Real World 治疗银屑病的生物抑制剂在真实世界的表现
Real-world risks of serious infection, major cardiovascular events, and cancers have been looked at in the observational…
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Facial Erosive Pustular Dermatosis After Cosmetic Resurfacing 激光技术镭射磨皮导致面部糜烂性脓疱性皮肤病
Importance Erosive pustular dermatosis (EPD) is a rare condition that typically affects actinically damaged skin of…
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Induction of Rosaceiform Dermatitis With Tacrolimus (Protopic) Ointment 他克莫司(普特皮)乳膏激发红斑痤疮样颜面皮炎
Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive macrolide that acts by blocking the calcineurin-dependent signal transduction pathway…
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强效抑制剂替代弱效，一种疾病治成多种疾病，医学陷入了死循环
一名56岁的退休行政人员被转诊至皮肤科，以寻求有关终身性特应性皮炎管理的第二种意见。她已经连续10年每天两次在自己的脸上涂抹1％的氢化可的松霜（弱效皮质激素），在身体其他皮肤部位使用戊酸倍他米松软膏（强效皮质激素）。她还患有过敏性哮喘，过去11年来每天两次，用倍氯米松双丙酸倍氯米松（皮质激素）雾化吸入控制哮喘，并已经按照医生处方口服12个疗程的（皮质激素）泼尼松龙（每个疗程平均剂量为30毫克，连续5天），以治疗湿疹和湿疹{1]。…
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What is Atopy? 什么是特异性atopic？
The terms “dermatitis” and “eczema” are frequently used interchangeably. When the term “eczema”…
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Association Between Malignancy and Topical Use of Pimecrolimus (Elidel) 恶性肿瘤与局部使用爱宁达吡美莫司乳膏的关系
A black box warning describes a potential risk of malignancy associated with topical use of pimecrolimus to treat atopic…
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粪便是怎样练成一味良药的
粪便入药简史 1700年前中国东晋葛洪编著《肘后备急方》治卒中诸药毒救解方第六十八姚方，中诸毒药，及野葛已死方中所云：“新小便和人屎，绞取汁一升，顿服。入腹即活，解诸毒，无过此汁。”[1]…
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Exacerbation of Head and Neck Dermatitis in Patients Treated for Eczema With Dupilumab
The efficacy and safety of dupilumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the α subunit of the interleukin (IL)-4…
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Pigmented Fungiform Papillae on the Tongue 舌上色素沉着的真菌状乳头状突起
Pigmented Fungiform Papillae on the Tongue (PFPT) is a benign condition of oral pigmentation characterized by localized…
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Fordyce Granules 福代斯颗粒
Fordyce Granules are sebaceous glands that are located in the vermilion zone of the lips and the oral mucosa. These “Free”…
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Hairy Tongue 黑毛(黑苔)舌
Hairy tongue is a common, benign clinical condition that represents accumulation of varying amounts of keratin on the…
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Central Papillary Atrophy 舌中央乳头状萎缩
Central Papillary Atrophy, also known as Median Rhomboid Glossitis or Erythematous Candidiasis, is found in up to 1% of…
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Fissured Tongue 沟裂舌
Fissured tongue is a common, benign clinical condition of unknown etiology that affects more than 2-30% the population….
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Geographic Tongue 地图舌
Geographic tongue affects approximately 2% of the general population, it is a benign condition associated with local inflammation…
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Nail Signs lichen planus 扁平苔藓指甲
Nail abnormalities are present in ~10% of patients with lichen planus. However, nail lichen planus is most frequently…
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Nail Signs Clubbing 杵状指
Clubbing (Hippocratic Fingers) was described by Hippocrates in the first century BC, clubbing may be congenital or acquired….
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