What is Interleukin-17 (IL-17) Interleukin 17 (IL-17 or IL-17A) is produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer to against infections such as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. The T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer are kinds of…
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What is Interleukin 12 (IL-12) Interleukin 12 has two subunits: IL-12A (p35) and IL-12B (p40). The IL-12 is produced by macrophages, monocytes and B lymphocytes to against infections such as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. The macrophages, monocytes and B lymphocytes are kinds of immune system white…
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What is “biologic” agent? Whole immune system suppression will cause serious side effects. Therefore “biologic” agents are developed to target partial immune systems for a variety of immune-mediated skin disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, pemphigus…
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Real-world risks of serious infection, major cardiovascular events, and cancers have been looked at in the observational study, while effectiveness analyses have shed light on predictors, persistence, and drug utilization, among other topics. It’s giving us a huge amount of interesting information,…
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Importance Erosive pustular dermatosis (EPD) is a rare condition that typically affects actinically damaged skin of the scalp. Characterized by sterile pustules, erosions, and crusts, EPD is difficult to treat and heals slowly. The exact cause of EPD is unknown, although trauma is an inciting factor….
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Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive macrolide that acts by blocking the calcineurin-dependent signal transduction pathway inside T cells, which results in the inhibition of cytokine gene transcription and thereby of T-cell activation [1]. Tacrolimus ointment does not induce skin atrophy even after…
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一名56岁的退休行政人员被转诊至皮肤科，以寻求有关终身性特应性皮炎管理的第二种意见。她已经连续10年每天两次在自己的脸上涂抹1％的氢化可的松霜（弱效皮质激素），在身体其他皮肤部位使用戊酸倍他米松软膏（强效皮质激素）。她还患有过敏性哮喘，过去11年来每天两次，用倍氯米松双丙酸倍氯米松（皮质激素）雾化吸入控制哮喘，并已经按照医生处方口服12个疗程的（皮质激素）泼尼松龙（每个疗程平均剂量为30毫克，连续5天），以治疗湿疹和湿疹{1]。…
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The terms “dermatitis” and “eczema” are frequently used interchangeably. When the term “eczema” is used alone, it often refers to atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema). The term “eczematous” also denotes some crusting, serous oozing, or blister formation…
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A black box warning describes a potential risk of malignancy associated with topical use of pimecrolimus to treat atopic dermatitis due to its similarity to oral calcineurin inhibitors used in solid-organ transplantation and spontaneous reporting of malignancies, including lymphomas and cutaneous…
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粪便入药简史 1700年前中国东晋葛洪编著《肘后备急方》治卒中诸药毒救解方第六十八姚方，中诸毒药，及野葛已死方中所云：“新小便和人屎，绞取汁一升，顿服。入腹即活，解诸毒，无过此汁。”[1] 到了约400年前李时珍的《本草纲目》竟然详述了“人中黄”的炮制方法[2]，后人均以此耻笑中国古人的无知和中医中药的愚蒙，简单的逻辑想想都清楚，肮脏的大便怎么能用来治病呢？难道葛洪和李时珍只是信口开河？还是他们曾经真的用粪便把中毒的患者入腹即活了吗？如果他们的记载属实，那么患者中的什么毒？他们治疗的是什么病呢？…
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